Attraction and repulsion in The Yellow Wallpaper and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example

Attraction and repulsion in The Yellow Wallpaper and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example Attraction and repulsion in The Yellow Wallpaper and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Paper Attraction and repulsion in The Yellow Wallpaper and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Paper Essay Topic: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Literature The Yellow Wallpaper In Jeff Greens work on Plutos philosophies, Green states that The potential for tension and conflict in [the] dual desires of the Soul can be equated with the basic psychological phenomenon of attraction and repulsion (Green 5-6). The dynamic of attraction and repulsion in representations of the abnormal can be explored in both Robert Louis Stevensons The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. In both of these texts, the principal characters experience clashing feelings of attraction and repulsion to what the reader would view as being abnormal. For instance, in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Jekyll cannot help but feel intrigued by the exciting, dangerous life and character of Mr Hyde and in The Yellow Wallpaper the unnamed narrator1 similarly becomes fascinated by the figure she can see behind the wallpaper. It can be argued that both Jekyll and the Narrator feel attracted to the abnormal whilst the people around them feel repulsed by it. The Jekyll-Hyde dynamic in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde may represent the dual desires of the human soul. Freud believed that the human mind is strongly influenced by thoughts and desires which we are not able to control and these impulses are often conveyed in our dreams. It is therefore possible to interpret the character of Hyde as Jekylls subconscious desire to be freed from his societys restraints. This subconscious desire of Jekylls is viewed by the characters around him as deviant and revolting. Although Jekyll also feels repulsed by Hydes grotesque and animalistic nature, he finds it impossible to curb his need to experience the life of a savage, uncivilised monster. Similarly, the Narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper experiences a conflict of emotions towards the wallpaper. It is clear to see that the Narrator takes an instant disliking to the wallpaper when she says, The colour is repellent, almost revolting; a smouldering unclean yellow (Perkins Gilman 4). However, she soon becomes fixated with searching for hidden meanings in the wallpaper. She believes that she can see a woman in the wallpaper who is struggling to break free and this seems to reflect the Narrators desire for freedom from the constraints placed on her by her husband and doctor. In The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde it is clear that Jekylls friends are repulsed by Mr Hyde from the outset. We can see this clearly in Enfields description of Hyde to Mr Utterson: He is not easy to describe. There is something wrong with his appearance; something displeasing, something down-right detestable. I never saw a man I so disliked, and yet I scarce know why. He must be deformed somewhere; he gives a strong feeling of deformity, although I couldnt specify the point. (Stevenson 12) Enfield states that although he detests the appearance and very being of Mr Hyde, he cannot articulate his reasons for feeling this way. It seems to be an instinctive reaction to this creature which symbolises everything that the prototype of a man living in Victorian society would not approve of. Although Jekyll is at first strongly attracted to the concept of a dual personality and having the freedom to rebel against society with anonymity, he too is soon repulsed by Mr Hyde when he realises the extent of his alter-egos corrupt nature: The powers of Hyde seem to have grown with the sickliness of Jekyll. And certainly the hate that now divided them was equal on each side. With Jekyll, it was a thing of vital instinct. He had now seen the full deformity of that creature that shared with him the phenomena of consciousness, and was co-heir with him to death [ ] he thought of Hyde, for all his energy of life, as of something not only hellish but inorganic. (Stevenson 74) Similarly to Hydes powers growing with the sickliness of Jekyll (Stevenson 74), as the Narrator of The Yellow Wallpaper continues to lose her sense of reality she too becomes more aware of her alter-ego, the woman she can see behind the wallpaper. However, she does not grow to hate this woman, but instead sees parallels between her own life of confinement and the female figures. As the Narrators madness deepens and progresses, she begins to see more women behind the paper. All of them appear to be lost in the torturing (Perkins Gilman 15) yellow pattern. With the appearance of more women, it seems that the Narrator now sees not only herself as being a victim of patriarchal standards of Victorian society, but in fact all women. Through her madness, the Narrator becomes repulsed by the restraints put upon women by society and instead becomes attracted to the abnormal idea of social rebellion. This echoes Jekylls initial rejection of ordinary Victorian life in favour of the adventures of Mr Hyde. As Jekylls friends are repulsed by the appearance of Mr Hyde, the Narrators husband is repulsed by the concept of sexual equality. Instead, he is a firm believer of men having complete control over their wives lives. He treats the Narrator like a child, referring to her as a little girl (Perkins Gilman 14) and choosing to place her in the nursery at the top of the house (Perkins Gilman 4). John undermines the seriousness of his wifes condition when he assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with [her] but temporary nervous depression a slight hysterical tendency (Perkins Gilman 1-2). We can see that John ignores his wifes suggestions for activities when the Narrator tells us that she has a scheduled prescription for each hour in the day and that John takes all care from [her] (Perkins Gilman 4). It is worth noting that the Narrator does not say that her husband takes care of her, but instead implies that he takes all control out of her hands. This proves that John thinks it natural for men to have power over women and it would therefore be possible to argue that men like John would have found the idea of the New Woman utterly abhorrent. In The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, we can see Jekylls initial attraction to unleashing his subconscious needs in a letter he writes to Mr Utterson which explains the repression of his egotistical desires which society would frown upon: The worst of my faults was a certain impatient gaiety of disposition, such as has made the happiness of many, but such as I found it hard to reconcile with my imperious desire to carry my head high, and wear a more than commonly grave countenance before the public. Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures [ I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life. (Stevenson 60) When reading the text closely, it is possible to state that Stevenson suggests that within everyones personality there lies a Mr Hyde, a character full of cravings which are not influenced by social beliefs and standards but are instead primitive and innate. When Jekyll admits to having repressed and unsatisfied desires, his confession leads the reader to realise that everyone is forced to hide certain cravings in order to remain socially acceptable: Many a man would have even blazoned such irregularities as I was guilty of; but from the high views that I had set before me, I regarded and hid them with an almost morbid sense of shame (Stevenson 60). Jekylls feelings towards suppressed desires and attractions are resonated by Lanyon when he admits he has since had reason to believe the cause [of his hatred of Mr Hyde] to lie much deeper in the nature of man (Stevenson 56). Both Utterson and Enfield can be classed as exemplary Victorian male figures, yet Stevensons insinuation that there is a secret Hyde-like character within these two men can be detected from the opening of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The reader is told that Utterson had an approved tolerance of others; sometimes wondering, almost with envy, at the high pressure of spirits involved in their misdeeds (Stevenson 7). Despite disapproving of anti-social behaviour, at times Utterson feels jealous of those with an ability to rebel against convention. The reader can identify the Hyde-like aspect of Enfields personality when Hyde has trampled (Stevenson 9) over a young girl. Enfield wonders how best to punish Mr Hyde for this offence when he says, Killing being out of the question, we did the next best (Stevenson 10). It is possible to argue in that these men find Hyde repulsive because their subconscious mind is able to identify him instantly as the savage within. We could apply this theory of recognition in the subconscious to the character of John in The Yellow Wallpaper. Perhaps his disdain at the Narrators behaviour is due to a similar part of his personality which he hides from others by using his position of power over his wife. It is also possible to argue that the Narrators initial hatred of the wallpaper is due to a subconscious recognition of the woman she sees behind it as sharing her suppressed wishes. The Narrators attraction to the wallpaper quickly turns into an obsession and as she descends into madness she becomes more conscious of her subconscious desire for freedom. On the surface the Narrator accepts her husbands power over her. However, at the end of the novel she appears to be taking her frustration caused by her husband out on the wallpaper. She claims that the pattern slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you (Perkins Gilman 16), suggesting that she is forced to study the wallpaper and, like Jekyll, cannot control her attraction. By the end of the novel, the Narrators fixation with the woman she can see behind the wallpaper has grown to the extent that she believes herself to have also been trapped behind it. We can see this when she exclaims, Ive got out at last [ And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back! (Perkins Gilman 26) For the Narrator, her abnormal behaviour has given her a sense of freedom. Despite this, the frequent use of the word creeping (Perkins Gilman 24) throughout The Yellow Wallpaper suggests a fear of being caught and also gives the impression of submission. This shows that even though her subconscious desires are becoming apparent to her, the pressures of society are still controlling the way she views them and she realises that her feminist ideals are taboo. When John realises that his wife has undergone a stereotypically masculine task of destroying the wallpaper, he is instantly feminised by his overtly feminine reaction of fainting: Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time! (Perkins Gilman 26) When John faints, the Narrator has at last gained power over her oppressive husband and the fact that she repetitively creeps over his body emphasises her new found authority. It also highlights Johns inability to control his wife who, though mad, is now mentally liberated. Over all, it is possible to state that in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and The Yellow Wallpaper, the abnormal was seen by Victorian society as a desire to rebel against traditional values. One could also argue that the dynamic of attraction and repulsion with regards to the abnormal is a complex and contradictory matter as the conscious mind which is influenced by external sources often suppresses subconscious wishes. Jeff Green explains in his work entitled Pluto that people often feel repelled by what they feel attracted to, because the attraction may directly threaten the existing nature of their reality (Green 45). At the end of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Jekyll explains in his final letter to Utterson his beliefs in the division of the human personality: man is not truly one, but truly two. I say two, because the state of my own knowledge does not pass beyond that point [ ] It was on the moral side, and in my own person, that I learned to recognise the thorough and primitive duality of man; I saw that, of the two natures that contended in the field of my consciousness, even if I could rightly be said to be either, it was only because I was radically both [ It was the curse of mankind that these incongruent faggots were thus bound together. (Stevenson 61) Jekyll realises that through his experiments he has created a monster and has lost control of his life as Henry Jekyll as we find out that the potion he has been using only worked due to an impurity in the original salt. As he writes to Utterson, he accepts his fate to become Hyde permanently and he wonders, Will Hyde die upon the scaffold? Or will he find the courage to release himself at the last moment? (Stevenson 76). The tone of this concluding chapter of Stevensons novel is ominous with references to death and evil. The conclusion of The Yellow Wallpaper contrasts greatly with Stevensons ending as it is playful and almost comic. As the Narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper loses her sanity, her writing becomes more coherent and she seems to have found a form of self expression in her journal. The Narrator has found freedom after her battle with the conflicting forces of repulsion and attraction with regards to the wallpaper whereas Jekyll is doomed to remain forever as the evil half of his character, a punishment for his tampering with nature.

Compare and contrast at least two theories which purport to provide an explanation for offending Essays

Compare and contrast at least two theories which purport to provide an explanation for offending Essays Compare and contrast at least two theories which purport to provide an explanation for offending Essay Compare and contrast at least two theories which purport to provide an explanation for offending Essay Control theories try to explain that crime is more likely in the absence of controls. Some control theorists argue that people have a free choice whether to commit crime or not and are influenced by the likelihood of being caught or punished. Clarke (1980) argued that crime resulted from a rational choice on the part of the offender who assessed the risks of any particular situation (Croall 1998:73). These theories are closely related to anomie theories because they focus on regulating natural urges that people have to commit crime. There were four main theorists who dealt with control theories regarding criminal activity: Travis Hirschi, David Matza, Stephen Box and Harriet Wilson. Hirschi (1969) Travis Hirschi gave the statement, The question, Why do they do it? is simply not the question the theory is designed to answer. The question is, Why dont we do it?' (Maguire, Morgan Reiner 2002:57). He basically was saying that control theories were mainly focused on trying to explain why people did not commit crime but in doing so, these theories provided explanations for why people really do commit crime. Hirschi believed that crime comes about when social bonding processes fail. He provided four elements that related to these processes, which, if they failed, would result in criminal acts. * Attachment: relates to an individuals receptiveness to the ideas and opinions of others. * Commitment: the amount of time and effort that a person is willing to put in to ensure that they conform. * Involvement : the amount of participation in conforming activities * Belief: the amount of conviction that a person has to follow the rules. Hirschi later developed this theory even more, with Gottfredson, by introducing self-control and impulsivity into the equation. They believed that low self-control results in crime because crime provides a direct and simple gratification of desires that is attractive to those who cannot or will not postpone pleasure (Maguire, Morgan Reiner 2002:57). They also believed that crime can result from lack of sympathy for the victim and requires hardly any skill or planning in advance. This makes crime attractive (mainly to youths) because it can improve the offenders feelings of power. The benefits of crime are often short lived and can be described as quick fixes for the criminal. This, according to Hirschi, can appeal to the impulsive nature of criminals and provides a compelling argument stating that most criminals are risk-taking, short-sighted individuals. Matza (1969) In David Matzas book, Delinquency and Drift Matza theorises that criminals are not very different from the average human being because most of the time they conform with societys stipulations. He does however say that sometimes the grip of control (Matza 1969) loosens on these individuals and this compels them to crime because they feel that they are no longer responsible for their actions. David Matza and Gresham Sykes developed their theory concerning techniques of neutralization. These techniques provide offenders with a way of counteracting the guilt that they may feel while committing an offence. This relief often urged them even more to commit crime and can be an explanation for why people commit crime. Such techniques can be: * to condemn their condemners to blame the faults of the police or courts for their actions * to deny injury to say that there was no harm in their actions * to deny the victim to say that the victim of the crime was insignificant and that it was probably their own fault anyway * to appeal to higher loyalties to say that they were committing the crime for a good or worthy cause. Box (1971) Stephen Box linked the theories of Hirschi and Matza together by introducing his own set of variables that affect social control: * Secrecy the chances that a delinquent could hide his/her criminal acts * Skills the skills and knowledge that is required from the offender to commit the act * Social Support the encouragement that the offender gets to commit an offense by his friends and peers * Symbolic Support the encouragement that the offender gets from other areas of the culture Box concluded that the higher the access to these variables then the higher the likelihood that a person commits an offence will be. Wilson (1980) Harriet Wilson conducted her studies on families who were socially deprived in Birmingham, England during the 1970s and 80s. She believed that socialization within the family, the community and the school..were informal agencies of control (Croall 1998:73). She reported that chaperonage differentiated families with delinquent youths and families without. This showed that if youths did not have adults accompanying them around their areas then they were more likely to commit crime. The parents were effectively acting as guardians and preventing the youths from committing crime and this was seen as a form of social control. Routine Activities Theory This theory is mainly based on the works of Marcus Felson and focuses on how crime occurs during routine activities within normal, every day life. The main concepts of routine activities theory draws on the concepts of control theory and creates a different theory regarding these ideas. Felson (2002) * Believed that most criminals were not that much different from the average person not very skilled, petty and unremarkable. * Concluded that Crime is embedded in the very architecture of everyday life (Maguire, Morgan Reiner 2002:61) The basis of routine activities theory is that, according to Cornish and Clarke (1986), the offender seeks to gain quick pleasure and avoid imminent pain (Felson 2002:37). The whole point of crime is to obtain things without much effort and dedication. Crime is seen as a choice that every individual makes and different aspects affect these choices. Felson pointed out that most crime was fast and easy and that criminals were not required to be skilled or extremely daring in order to commit an offence. Choices are the central theory behind Felsons thinking and he theorised that everyone makes decisions whether or not to commit a criminal act but some factors affect these choices more than others. He compared the criminal act to a theatre setting as in the cue-decision sequence. The sequence emphasises that offenders respond to cues in their immediate surroundings as shown below: 1) An individual enters the setting 2) Cues within the setting communicate temptations and controls 3) Interpretations are made of these cues by the individual 4) The individual then decides whether or not to commit an offence. As you can see, normal, everyday stimuli affect the individuals decision and the environment out with of the individuals control influences their decision to commit a criminal act. It is important to note that some settings have high controls and some do not. Also, some settings have stronger temptations than others. Each different setting contains different factors that greaten or lessen the possibility that a person will commit a crime. Another sequence that influenced Felsons way of thinking is the disinhibition sequence. This mainly focuses on the blame and control factors that influence our choices. 1) An individual starts drinking some alcohol with friends 2) He/she starts to get a buzz but keeps on drinking 3) They start to smoke marijuana and get even more of a buzz 4) Some of the group decide to commit a crime. Some criminals tend to blame their criminal acts on the amount of alcohol that they have smoked or the amount of drugs that they have taken but these are not defences that will stand up in court. This theory of blame is more to alleviate the offenders from the guilt that they feel concerning the crime itself. Felson believed that self-control had quite a lot to do with why people commit crime. He thought that individuals who had low self-control were more likely to commit crime because they were not as fully in control of their minds, bodies and actions as normal individuals. He also thought everybody receives constant environmental cues that assist us in keeping our self-control. These reminders occur in lots of different settings and can come in verbal or physical forms.

The Probable Efficacy of Alternatives to Incarceration Research Paper

The Probable Efficacy of Alternatives to Incarceration - Research Paper Example 1). So the criminal justice system is looking into the efficacy of many alternatives to incarceration like intensive supervision, boot camps and electronic monitoring/house arrest, which offer many advantages in terms of cost reduction, social relevance and the feasibility of a meaningful and effective rehabilitation. The Probable Efficacy of Alternatives to Incarceration Introduction Any sane and sustainable from of sentencing ought to be pragmatic, result oriented and financially viable, while confirming to the moral, ethical and social objectives inherent in it. Since times immemorial, civilizations have resorted to opting for incarceration as a regular mode of restraining and punishing their criminals and offenders. However, a more realistic approach towards this issue does not validate the fact that all the offenders deserve to be rigorously incarcerated, nor incarceration is the only possible method of achieving all the objectives ascribed to it (Bailey, 2003). In the criminal justice systems around the world, incarceration serves varied and multiple purposes. Incarceration is resorted to, to keep the individuals suspected of having committed some crime under a secure control, till their innocence or guilt is validated by a court of law. Incarceration is also used to penalize offenders found guilty of having committed a crime by depriving them of their freedom and liberty. Jail terms are also used to prevent chronic criminals from further committing a crime, until they get appropriately rehabilitated. To put it simply, the objective of incarceration is to allow the state to have a control over the factors that lead to crime, to protect the society at large from the offenders considered willing to and capable of indulging in further crimes and to rehabilitate the offenders, if possible (Bailey, 2003). A more versatile and creative approach towards these objectives do corroborates to the conclusion that many of them could be achieved by resorting to varied alternatives to incarceration like intensive supervision, boot camps, electronic monitoring and house arrest. Merits of Resorting to other Alternatives Necessity is the mother of invention. Hitherto, the criminal justice system has been opting for a one size fit all approach towards sentencing, being somewhat oblivious of the problems it would have created for law enforcement mechanisms. However, with the dawn of an era where the penitentiaries are fast getting overcrowded, the budgets ascribed to criminal justice systems are more than ever under diverse pressures and a relative humanization of the ethical, social and legal approaches towards sentencing, the criminal justice system is awakening to the fact that many available alternatives to incarceration could successfully serve the vouched objectives, while facilitating varied advantages (Diiulio Jr, 1991, p. 7). The criminal justice system is fast recognizing the fact that the homogenization and generalization of sentencing has g iven way to many problems and has divested it of varied other sentencing options like intensive supervision, boot camps and electronic monitoring/house arrest, which extend much scope for sentence customization. These alternatives arm the courts with much choice and multiple options. They allow the courts to opt for economically viable sentences, while ascribing the penalty in consonance with the gravity of offence of an offender (Diiulio Jr, 1991). Not to mention that varied

Dow Chemical Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Dow Chemical - Research Paper Example In addition, Dow has announced plans to invest in facility in Saudi Arabia for DOWâ„ ¢ FILMTECâ„ ¢ reverse osmosis elements. The company is also considering building two new plants in Map Ta Phut, Thailand, and Schkopau, Germany. To reflect Dow’s disciplined portfolio management and strategy to focus on higher-value performance businesses, the company has decided to sale its global Polypropylene business to Braskem SA and in the third quarter of the financial year Dow AgroSciences and M.S. Technologies LLC have announced a submission to the U.S. Department of Agriculture for approval of the first-ever three-gene herbicide-tolerant soybean. Dow is named to Dow Jones Sustainability World Index 11th time since the index was launched. Dow has improved its rating from last year and has thus achieved the highest score in the chemical sector. In the last quarter of the financial year, Dow launched its DOW POWERHOUSEâ„ ¢ Solar Shingle to U.S. markets, starting in Colorado and expanding into targeted states through 2012. Joint venture of Dow, SCG-Dow Group, has started its propylene oxide facility in Thailand using innovative hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide technology. To enhance innovation collaboration between two companies, Dow and Haier Group have agreed to establish the Haier-Dow Global Joint Innovation Laboratory in China. Response to Part E Following its strategy of global exposure, Dow Electronic Materials announced the formation of a new business to capture current and future demand for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the construction for a manufacturing and testing facility for metallization materials is underway in Korea. To strengthen research in important scientific fields, Dow announced 11 year, $25 million-per-year investment in programs with 11 leading U.S. universities, supporting every individual related to the program and enabling resources to face the world’s leading challenges. Dow Chemicals has developed itself into a b illion dollars worth of Multinational Corporation through its expansion strategy. With wider greater geographic reach, the company is now reaching fast growing markets in various parts of the world. These areas include China, Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East.  The company has its footsteps in four continents of the world and its business operations appear to be growing at a rapid pace. In the financial year 2011, the company has started project in several parts of the globe to accelerate growth in their downstream business. These projects are turning out to be highly cost savings projects. In the financial year 2011 the company achieved record sales in the developing economies all around the globe. For instance, in China the company’s sales reached a staggering $ 4.5 billion during the last financial year which is the best figures yet for the country from any offshore operations. Moreover, the company is steadfast and committed to its goal of 35% of revenue s from developing economies of the world by the end of the current financial year. Currently the major chunk of the company’s revenue comes from Europe, Middle East and Africa which accounts for 35% of the global sale of the company having more than 57 manufacturing sites all across these areas. Another 35% of the revenue is generated through North America where the company has 65 manufacturing sites and has employees more than 26,000 employees. The last thirty of the revenue comes from

Schein's Three Cultures of Management and Kouzes and Mico's Domain Essay

Schein's Three Cultures of Management and Kouzes and Mico's Domain Theory - Essay Example The learned theories have then been set into practice and have resulted to positive success as well as negatives failures depending on the individual theories and the ways they get implemented. Among the most renowned and well governing theories are the Schein’s Three Cultures of Management and Kouzes and Mico’s Domain Theory. The two theories exhibit particular similarities concerning the rightful proposals of how the managerial and leadership issues ought to be handled to achieve success of the individual organizations. However, the two theories also have some points of differences that call for careful analysis of the theories by an individual consulting leader before finalizing on particular decisions. Schein’s Three Cultures of Management According to Schein (1996, p.3), a typical organization has to be founded on the basis of three cultures of management including the operator, engineering and executive cultures of management. These cultures have to been in corporated and made to be dependent on each other in order to attain a more comprehensive and complete organizational management. The success or failure of the individual organization then depends on the manner in which the three cultures of management are linked up and run (Schein1996, p.3). ... hat operator culture within organizations enable and empower individual workers opportunities to innovate ideas that are fundamental to survival of the individual organization. In that respect principles of operator culture allows individual workers to operate in disregard to rules set to run particular organizations when certain conditions prevail. While operating complex activities and unanticipated occurrences, operator culture brings workers together by creating interdependency to formulate adaptable strategies for teamwork to accomplish the impending task. Schein (1996, p.13) however indicates that operator culture is often met with rules especially in the case of unpredictable conditions. Schein (1996, p.13) points out that the simmering problem with the operators is that they understand well that for job to be well done then they must involve innovation and personal skills in solving problems as not set out in the rules. However, this becomes difficult due to lack of incentive or managerial support defined to compensate such efforts. The result of such speculations is operators’ subversion of the true and more practical strategies to rely on the set rules. In the observation of Schein (1996, p.15), executive culture mainly applies to the individual CEOs who get promoted to the rank after passing through other levels of organizational management. The executive culture is mainly focused on the maintaining and ensuring adaptable financial health of the individual organization. As outlined by Schein (1996:13), there occurs difference in role between the CEO appointed from among the founders or family heading the organization and the promoted CEO. The former type of CEO exercises broader focus and assumptions in the organization while the later type of CEO focuses

Major League Baseball Team Budgeting

Major League Baseball Team Budgeting Major League Baseball Team Budgeting and the Effects of Big Spending Organizations versus Small Spending Organizations Introduction/Background Major league baseball is Americas pastime and one of the greatest sports in the world. Major league teams are multi-million dollar organizations that must budget their revenues and expenses just like a hospital, law firm, or financial company. Different teams have different ways of budgeting with one common goal, winning. In todays society, everybody wants to win in some facet of life. For major league baseball owners, there are many different ways to win. With the annual revenues heavily outweighing the annual expenses, owners do not have to worry about winning financially, but they do have to worry about winning on the field. Success on the field puts more people in the stands, sells more merchandise, and attracts big time television deals. These factors demonstrate that as long as you are winning on the field, your annual profit will only increase. This is why owners must plan, implement, and control their teams budget to the best of their ability just like a mayor has to do for h is or her city. After each season, the owner must then measure results and make a report of the teams financial information. If the team has a successful year on the field, it is more likely that team is going to generate a larger profit. Another aspect of budgeting that relates to baseball is expenses or expenditures. There are teams in major league baseball that will spend outspend any other team in the league in hopes that their team will win the world series. Even playing in the World Series means bigger profits for the organization. This can be related to a hospital spending money on a high-tech MRI machine that will cost more, but the MRI machine might be the only one in the area and bring in more business for the hospital. I am going to analyze the team budgets for the two top spending teams in baseball versus two teams that spend substantially less. Next, I will compare the results on the field. I am going to demonstrate how important financial management is to the game of b aseball through the master budgets of four different major league teams, the New York Yankees, Los Angeles Dodgers, Tampa Bay Rays, and Oakland Athletics. B. In Support of Big Spending Organizations In 2013, the two largest spending teams in Major League Baseball were the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers. Each of these teams spent over two hundred million dollars on their players alone. Owners of any major league baseball team have a lot more to budget than just the players. Every organization must budget not only the players salaries, but every member in the entire organization, the cost of running the stadium, and the farm systems or minor leagues. The Yankees and Dodgers set up their budget for the 2013 season for one goal, to win the World Series. The operating budgets for these two teams is much more than the two hundred million dollars they pay their players. The owners do not have to worry about this because according to Ozanian (2013) the Yankees bring in over a billion dollars from marketing deals. They are worth over two million dollars all together. According to Brown (2013) From 1999 to 2012, clubs have spent a total of $33,942,203,596 on final payrolls. The Yankees account for 7% of that. In 2009, the Yankees had to take another aspect of budgeting into consideration, the capital budget. They built a new stadium that cost 1.5 billion dollars to complete. They will use annuities to pay off the stadium over time. With the amount of money, they are spending in 2013, you would imagine that they are the best team in baseball by far. This, however, was not true. The one thing that the Yankee owner could not control was injuries. Their big-time spending may have looked good on paper, but the Yankees failed to make the playoffs. As for the Dodgers, they are worth 1.6 billion dollars. Their big money spending has paid off however, by making a trip to the post season. According to the Associated Press (2012) During the 2012 season, the Dodgers signed a player from Cuba named Yasiel Puig for 42 million dollars. This mid-season acquisition could be considered as part of the capital budget. They signed Puig to a seven-year contract. Just like a fire station investing in a new fire truck, the Dodgers invested in a new player. This new player was a vital part of their 2013 success. The Dodgers set up their budget to win immediately, and that is what they are doing. According to Nightengale (2013a) the Dodgers led the league in average attendance. Like I said earlier, success puts people in the stands, and that is exactly what the Dodgers have done. The Dodgers also have advanced to the National League Championship Series for the first time in nineteen years. (Nightengale, 2013a) What are the advantages of big money spending? For teams like the Yankees and Dodgers, they chose to spend more money to acquire better players. Both teams line ups and pitching staffs in 2013 were stacked with perennial all stars. The only difference between the two teams is that the Dodger players were able to stay healthy. This spending advantage on players such as Adrian Gonzales, Hanley Ramirez, and Carl Crawford gave them an advantage in their division over teams who could not afford these players. We could compare this to a city such as Mobile spending more money than say Montgomery to bring a corporation such as Airbus. Airbus would create more jobs and more revenue for the city of Mobile. The big money players created more wins for the Dodgers. More wins for the Dodgers means more profit for their organization. Airbus for Mobile means for profit for the city. Another effect of big spending is player motivation. Motivation is a vital component of an organizations success. Pla yers who are making more money and play each night in front of larger crowds often perform at a higher level than players playing in front of half empty stadiums. Overall, the effects of big spending teams in 2013 is that only one of two made the playoffs. The financial management of the Dodgers has played a key role in their recent success. Argument for Small Spending Organizations The two teams that I am going to analyze that spent far roughly half has much as the Yankees and Dodgers are the Oakland Athletics and the Tampa Bay Rays. Instead of spending the big bucks on perennial talent like the Yankees and the Dodgers, the As and Rays have different ways of producing wins on the field. The Tampa Bay Rays have a pay roll of 68 million dollars. (OBarr, 2013) They finished ahead of the Yankees in the American League East division and grabbed a wild card spot to make the playoffs. So how did they do it? According to OBarr (2013) Building talent throughout the minor league and watching it blossom on the big-league diamond is the system that has allowedJoe Maddons club to have this much success. Without homegrown players like Longoria and Price, the Rays are lucky to even win 90 games this year, let alone make the postseason. The Rays develop their own players in the minor leagues until they are ready to perform in the major leagues. Instead of spending a lot of mon ey on great players, they save money by producing them from within their organization. They save a ton of money by doing this, and they are able to bring in more revenue by doing so. This can be compared to the public administration field by looking at a police force in a city. If the city focuses more on training police officers and developing them into great cops, then they are going to be more effective. The Rays just like every baseball organization uses responsibility centers to budget their minor league systems. Each organization has five minor league franchises. Each organization has a president and CFO that set their individual budgets each year. This is another aspect of budgeting that plays a key role in their organizational success. The Oakland As also spend less than the Yankees and Dodgers, but they too made the playoffs. How did they do it? Their general manager, Billy Bean has become famous for his style of producing winning teams called moneyball. A book was published in 2003 about his success with no name, low paid players, and Brad Pitt made a movie about it. Barra (2013) states about the 2013 As, Billy Beanes As this year really are a moneyball team. They just clinched the American League West with a .596 win-loss percentage-second in the league only to the Red Sox. During September they are 16-5. And they are doing it with a payroll of $60,664,500-the fourth lowest in the major leagues. He also states, No team has gotten more return on less investment (Barra, 2013) The As are a small market team meaning they do not have much money for expenses. This is why they have to use the moneyball technique to win and produce revenue. The As can be compared to a hospital that does not have the money for the best e quipment or doctors, but they find the best affordable equipment and doctors and save as many lives as a hospital with a much larger budget and better known doctors. Going back to the quote about more return for less investment, that is an organizational dream. The As know they cannot spend as much as the Yankees and Dodgers, but they find players who will produce on the field for a cheaper cost. The effects of As and Rays style is winning on the field. They both produced better records than the Yankees who spent more than both of them combined. An advantage of the low spending teams is that they are almost always the underdogs who have something to prove. Both the Yankees and Dodgers have players that have already proven themselves in the major leagues. The As and Rays are built with players who are hungry and willing to do anything to win. The As proved this in the second half of the season by having the best record in baseball. The Rays also proved this by winning six straight games to finish the season and propel themselves into the playoffs. An Assessment of the Different Spending Organizations In my opinion, both of these styles of budgeting can be effective. Although the Yankees, did not make the playoffs in 2013, they won the World Series in 2011. I have to admit, I am a fan of the underdog, the team with something to prove, but making more money and playing in front of more people are a plus too. The New York Yankees are one of the most valuable sports organizations in the entire world. They feature some of the most well know players throughout the world such as Derek Jeter, Alex Rodriguez, and Mariano Rivera. On the contrary, the Oakland As feature players such as Josh Donaldson, Coco Crisp, and Kurt Suzuki. Who knows who any of these guys are? Well, as a side note, Josh Donaldson played for Auburn. But back to the argument, which of these master budgets is the better way to go? Although, the As and Rays made the playoffs this year, their budgeting styles do not produce winning teams every year. The Rays have made the playoffs just three times in the last eight years, and the As have been just twice in the last eight years. The big money spenders such as the Yankees, have been competitive for the last decade and the Yankees failed to make the post season just twice in the last ten years. If I am going to run an organization, I would want to produce the most profit. Each of these four teams has their own specific way of doing so, but the Yankees are the team who produce most efficiently on the field year in and year out. If I had a choice of an organization to run, I would choose the organization who produces the most efficient product and that is exactly what the Yankees do. Krissoff (2013) stated in his journal article, We calculated the average salaries for 2007-11 and found that all of the World Series winning teams exceeded the league average salaries and the salaries of their World Series opponents. This statement alone proves that the team who has spent more has accomplished the organizations ultimate goal for five straight years. Winning t he World Series not only brings great attention to your organization, but a substantial amount of extra profit. Conclusion In conclusion, I have analyzed four different Major League baseball teams and broken down the different ways they budget their organizations to produce results on the field. I wanted to demonstrate that financial management plays a vital role not only in the public sector, but in Major League baseball as well. I have compared the four teams to public sector organizations and given examples of how similar they are. I used examples of how the teams had to incorporate capital budget into their operating budget. I discussed their annual revenues and expenses. I explained how the teams had to use the responsibility center to manage their farm systems. But the main argument in this essay was which organizations produced the best results. I broke down the facts about the big money spending organizations and the small money organizations. Overall, like most aspects of life, the person, company, or organization that spends the most money will often come out on top. Although the underdog might sneak under the radar in some cases, the big spender usually wins in the long run. Billy Beans Oakland As were under the radar most of the season until they fell to an organization that spent more money than they did in the playoffs. This statement is also true for the Tampa Bay Rays. The Dodgers made the playoffs but were eventually knocked out by the St. Louis Cardinals. The Boston Red Sox were crowned World Series champions in 2013 and to no surprise spent more than their opponent, the St. Louis Cardinals. All in all, the more money you spend, the better chance you have to win as a major league baseball organization. References Associated Press. (2012, June 29). Dodgers announce yasiel puigs deal. Retrieved from http://espn.go.com/los-angeles/mlb/story/_/id/8112841/los-angeles-dodgers-announce- signing-yasiel-puig Barra, A. (2013, September 24). forget 2002-this years oakland as are the real moneyball team. The Atlantic. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/09/forget-2002-this-years-oakland-as-are-the-real-em-moneyball-em-team/279927/ Brown, M. (2013). Biz of baseball releases comprehensive mlb final player payroll figures for last 14 years. The Biz of Baseball, Retrieved from http://bi.galegroup.com/essentials/article/GALE|A313786892/df67a57e287280461f74267 696242118?u=naal_aub Krissoff, B. (2013). Society and baseball face rising income inequality . The Baseball Research Periodical, 42(1), Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A328281604v=2.1u=naal_aubit=rp=I TOFsw=wasid=6f1b6e9872b87b5f7a152c7cf233d52a Nightengale, B. (2013a, August 15). Nightengale: Dodgers take page from yankees. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/dodgers/2013/08/14/los- angeles-dodgers-new-york-yankees-stan-kasten-payroll-nl-west/2658245/ Nightengale, B. (2013b, March 13). Mlb salaries: Yankees, a-rod reign as cash changes hands. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/salaries/2013/03/31/2013-mlb-payrolls- salaries-yankees-dodgers/2041115/ OBarr, D. (2013, September 30). David price-led tampa bay rays reach mlb postseason with homegrown talent Retrieved from http://www.rantsports.com/mlb/2013/09/30/david-price-led-tampa-bay-rays-reach-mlb- postseason-with-homegrown-talent/?utm_source=twitterfeedutm_medium=twitter Ozanian, M. (2013, March 27). Baseball team valuations 2013: Yankees on top at $2.3 billion. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2013/03/27/baseball-team- valuations-2013-yankees-on-top-at-2-3-billion/

Asthma Essay -- essays research papers fc

Asthma is a disorder of the respiratory system in which the passages that enable air to pass into and out of the lungs periodically narrow, causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. This narrowing is typically temporary and reversible, but in severe attacks, asthma may result in death. Asthma most commonly refers to bronchial asthma, an inflammation of the airways, but the term is also used to refer to cardiac asthma, which develops when fluid builds up in the lungs as a complication of heart failure. This article focuses on bronchial asthma. More than 17 million Americans suffer from asthma, with nearly 5 million cases occurring in children under age 18. In the United States, asthma causes nearly 5,500 deaths each year. Asthma occurs in males and females of all ages, ethnic groups, and socioeconomic levels. For reasons not completely understood, asthma is generally more common in poor urban neighborhoods, in cold climates, and in industrialized countries. Among all Americans, the prevalence of asthma increased more than 60 percent between 1982 and 1994, especially among children. Deaths from asthma increased more than 55 percent from 1979 to 1992. Scientists suspect that increased exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke, growing populations in polluted city centers, and new housing that is poorly ventilated contribute to the increase in asthma cases. Breathing Every cell in the human body requires oxygen to function, and the lungs make that oxygen available. With every breath we take, air travels to the lungs through a series of tubes and airways. After passing through the mouth and throat, air moves through the larynx, commonly known as the voice box, and then through the trachea, or windpipe. The trachea divides into two branches, called the right bronchus and the left bronchus, that connect directly to the lungs. Air continues through the bronchi, which divide into smaller and smaller air passages in the lungs, called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in clusters of tiny air sacs, called alveoli, which are surrounded by tiny, thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries. Here, deep in the lungs, oxygen diffuses through the alveoli walls and into the blood in the capillaries and gaseous waste products in the blood—mainly carbon dioxide—diffuse through the capillary walls and into the alveoli. But if something prevents the oxygen from reaching t... ...ng, may provoke hyperventilation, a rapid inhalation of oxygen that causes the airway to narrow. In asthmatics, hyperventilation often results in an attack. Many asthmatics are especially sensitive to physical exercise in cold weather. Research suggests that genetic factors may increase the risk of developing the disorder. Children with a family history of asthma are more likely to develop asthma than other children. Despite this apparent genetic link, many people without a family history of asthma develop the disorder, and scientists continue to investigate additional causes. Treatment Physicians typically diagnose asthma by looking for the classic symptoms: episodic problems with breathing that include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. When symptoms alone fail to establish a diagnosis of asthma, doctors may use spirometry, a test that measures airflow. By comparing a patient’s normal airflow, airflow during an attack, and airflow after the application of asthma medication, doctors determine whether the medicine improves the patient’s breathing problems. If asthma medication helps, doctors usually diagnose the condition as asthma. Bibliography www.scienceworld.com

Islam and the Muslims Essay

In September 2005 Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published twelve cartoons including a caricature of Muhammad in a bomb-shaped turban with an ignited fuse. This sparked a huge controversy that affected Muslims and Non-Muslims parts of the world. For the Muslims it was a portrayal of the prophet, Islam and the Muslims as terrorists. They feared that the cartoons might create an anti-Muslim attitude. The Jyllands-Posten apologized and the cartoonist explained that the cartoon was a protest of fundamentalist interpretations of Islam that terrorists use to base their acts on. In citing Free Speech, Jyllands-Posten had crossed the bounds of sensitivity to and respect for other people’s faith or religion. The issue should not be solely taken in the confines of the Danish system. Religion is universal and is held sacred by the believers. A bomb on Mohammad’s head is blasphemous. Given that a number of extremists and fundamentalists have used the teachings of Islam as shield of their terrorist acts, it would be most unfair to say that all Muslims behave and believe as they do. The Organization of the Islamic Conference refused to heed the clamor for death for the cartoonist even if Muslims felt that the cartoon was an insult to Muhammad. Those who thought the cartoons are non-issue as far as discrimination of Muslims is concerned is totally disgusting. Does making fun of all religious’ icons and symbolisms, exempting no one, a legal and moral excuse? Of course it does not. Doing it to all makes it all the more wrong. To the Muslims, Muhammad is revered. He is infallible. To treat him like a cartoon character to elicit fun or humor is not acceptable, it is contemptible. The Danish government’s response to the request for redress by certain Muslim sectors was passive. The courts of law where the prime minister, thru letter, referred them to were likewise evasive. Citing the wide scope of Freedom of Expression in Denmark, they refused to sanction Jyllands-Posten. The courts found no criminal act in the cartoons, for as long as the interpretation of Free Speech included public interest and respect for human rights. The courts were unilaterally in favor of the journalists and cartoonists. What justice left out and disregarded is the Muslim minority’s interest in particular and the Muslim’s human right to their religious beliefs, in general. The reaction or non-reaction of the Danish people and government in the controversy is uncharacteristic of a nation that has been ranked by the Reporters Without Borders as Top in Worldwide Press Freedom Index for 2005. There should be a certain degree of self-restraint in any freedom. It should seek to create, not to destroy. A subject like Religion must be treated with respect and tolerance. It should not be open to debates, opinions and critiques. World reaction to the controversy was predictable. The Muslim countries would be indignant. Denmark would suffer the backlash. Egypt helped diffused the situation in the Middle East. America looked the other way by accusing Syria and Iran of organizing protests and of buying Danish goods after a Muslim boycott. Judging by these reactions, the cartoon controversy was just the tip of the iceberg. Deep-seated political emotions are in the issue. The Muslim terrorists’ politically-motivated acts became religious issues in the cartoon controversy. That the terrorists were Muslims, Islam and Muhammad became the targets of caricaturing. Free Speech has taken a new form. It goes without limit, and anything and everything is fair game. What holds true for Denmark is made to be accepted by the Muslim minority in Denmark and the Muslim majority in the world. Religious figures, beliefs and practices must be left alone. They must not be used as side or main issues in any controversy. The only way to handle differences in religious beliefs is tolerance and respect. One must not be ridiculed and persecuted for his religious convictions. We must learn from the lessons of history. Terrorism must be dealt with a different but civilized option. Reference: Jyllands-Posten Muhhammad Cartoons Controvery, Wikipedia (20 February 2007), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jylalnds_posten_cartoon_controversy, date accessed: 23. Februrary 2007.

Reflective Anti Oppressive Practice Social Work Essay Essays

Reflective Anti Oppressive Practice Social Work Essay Essays Reflective Anti Oppressive Practice Social Work Essay Essay Reflective Anti Oppressive Practice Social Work Essay Essay Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing. Tuckman s ( 1965 ) attack as a additive theoretical account was using to the group. The criterions and norms of behavior are set uping. Forming identified to work with group service users together. However non everyone does non desire to prosecute From ramping to norming phases, working with client P is recoded by making cardinal Sessionss hebdomadal Client P have to do the pick to conform with, she is awareness breach her contract. Asking unfastened and closed inquiries are the key to construct a good resonance with the service user. The PCS modal identifies the degrees of subjugation ; Personal Cultural Structural The PCS Model Personal Beliefs, attitudes and behavior How people regard or treat others Cultural Accepted values and codifications of behavior Consensus Structure Structural and establishments within society which act to perpetuate societal divisions, bias and favoritism Personal ( P ) degree Individual actions that I come into contact with, for illustration service user. Cultural ( C ) Degree This analysis is related to the shared values or commonalties . For illustration, shared beliefs about what is right and incorrect, good or bad, can organize a consensus. Structural ( S ) Degree This analysis demonstrates how subjugation is sewn into the cloth of society through establishments that support both cultural norms and personal beliefs. Some establishments such as subdivisions of the media, faith and the authorities can cement the beliefs. Case survey: homeless pregnant immature individual Phosphorus: Young individual 18 old ages old sharing at her friend s place. She is 3 hebdomad pregnant ; her fellow has left her and both reasoning all the clip. There is no support from place as her female parent is on benefits and populating off her. There is statement with her new fellow for support. Degree centigrades: being homeless within the community she is sharing her ideas and feelings with different groups. Second: Network of divisions, societal services, wellness, local authorization Practitioners will back up with acquisition tools that transform to dispute subjugation. Thompson, ( 2006 ) have identified the barriers in associating to ethical pattern to place organize group- based attacks to anti-discriminatory pattern to work together on issues of inequality, favoritism and subjugation ( Thompson, 2006 ) . Challenging pattern with immature people engages them into ways at utilizing wider policy aims ia individual centred base. Service users will openly discourse and debate issues within a safe environment amongst their equals and concentrate on constructing one s assurance and reassurance within a group, every bit good as keeping the scholar s concentration. These rules are about being worthy of attending regardless what they can make and who they are as follows Respects and advance immature people s rights to do their determination or picks, unless the public assistance of them as earnestly threatened. Promote the public assistance and safety while allowing them to larn through activities. Contributes towards the publicity of societal justnesss for immature people and encourages them to esteem differences, diverseness and disputing favoritism. Act with a profession unity ( Banks, 2001 ) When measuring immature people it is necessary to take into consideration that there are no right or incorrect replies. By utilizing unfastened inquiries, this allow service user to prosecute with the practician to spread out on their sentiments and experiences.. Decision Using the PCS theoretical account, I recognised the marks within groups to work together and back up each other on their strengths and failing. Thompson, ( 1994 ) identified the barriers in associating to ethical pattern to place organize group- based attacks to anti-discriminatory pattern is to work together on issues of inequality, favoritism and subjugation. Tuckman s theory in the workplace has helped to place leading within a group phase development. I identify the phases through tuckmans theory has helped to be non judegment Al with clients as their strengths and failing can be assesss to construct up their regard and assurance for them to rapport a good working relationship.

Demand in economics Essay Example

Demand in economics Essay Example Demand in economics Essay Demand in economics Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Demand in economics Demand is an economic standard that refers to customer’s desire and motivation to pay a certain price for goods or services. Demand displays how much in terms of quantity of products that buyers may desire. The demand relationship refers to the price and quantity changes when consumers demand a certain quantity at a certain price. Demand signifies the willingness or ability to purchase a product at a certain price. Conversely, quantity demanded makes an implication of the measure of commodity that corresponds to a specified price as per the demand curve. The quantity demanded is the physical measure of commodity that consumers are willing to purchase at a given price as per the demand curve. A change in the quantity required refers to reaction by customers to the alterations in the prices of commodities when all factors are held constant. The difference lies in the fact that quantity demand occurs at one point on the curve and not the whole curve. Changes in price Substitute goods can be defined as goods that can be exchanged in the event of changed circumstances. Changes in the cost of a substitute and complementary goods affect the demand of a good both negatively and positively. Substitute goods can replace another good completely. Positive alterations in the cost of the alternate good lower the quantity demanded for the other good. Scientifically, the variable representing the value of the substitute good will contributes towards a negative effect on the demand function. An example of a substitute product and the effect of changes in its price can be found in margarine and butter. A consumer that uses butter can easily switch to margarine and vice versa when either is missing from a store. When the price of butter rises, a consequent drop in the demand of butter shall be experienced. Consumers will instead opt for the cheaper margarine as it will serve the same purpose. The reverse is true in that a good’s demand increases when the substitute good’s price increases. Decrease in the market for Blu Ray discs The increase in the demand for Blu Ray players and other related products has been largely contributed by the popularity of high-definition media and home theater equipment. The increased growth in the purchases of Blu Ray was because of increased quality and size of the Blu Ray discs. Blu Ray is the only media capable of high definition media play back. Normal quality videos lost their quality when displayed on larger screens. Blu Ray was somewhat expensive but had the advantage of higher quality. A product was available for customers who had large HD televisions and more money to pay for the Blu Ray. The drop in the Blu Ray prices over the months mainly because most people have realized that they are not particularly interested in the products. Most consumers were using DVD and CD players before the development of Blu Ray. Other people were even using VHS. However, the same movie were being offered online free of charge. As a result, the DVD sales keep on dropping after every fiscal quarter. The expected increase in sales due to the switch to Blu Ray was unplanned and mistaken. The opening up of the Internet provided a substitute product for no price. Compared to the hefty price of about $40 for a standard Blu ray movie, most people opted for the cheaper substitute-the Internet. However, studies done by Taiwan Blu Ray manufacturers predicted that the growing popularity of Blu Ray discs would make the price drop up to a minimum of $1 while their American counterparts predicted around $5. The development of the Internet and cable or satellite TV killed the Blu Ray market within America. Using cable or satellite, a consumer can purchase or freely download films in HD at a cheaper rate than buying Blu Ray. The attempt by Blu Ray companies to block companies from offering free HD movies online sparked prices that further painted the company in a bad light. Blu Ray also has numerous restrictions that have discouraged users such as DRM, RIAA and HDMI that control the flexibility of watching a movie.

MANAGING FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND DECISIONS Essay - 1

MANAGING FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND DECISIONS - Essay Example ems the most secured form of raising enough money to start the business, but in case the price of the assets suddenly drops, it may be practically impossible to get enough capital for the organization. Banks, on the other hand, expects that some strict requirements are fulfilled before they could award any loans (Mentre 1984). It is not always possible to secure a loan from banks because the requirements are often many. Therefore, it is better to rely on the sale of assets to raise the needed capital for the commencement of the organization. The assets that would be sold to obtain this capital include a block of flat and a six-month-old salon car. The organization has a limited number of daily operations being a trading one and small-scale in nature. The major activities involve purchasing, stockpiling and distributing orders to customers. The organization is not involved in price control and does not engage in market manipulation as would a big trading company. Therefore, choosing to finance the organization using the capital raised through the sale of personal assets appears to be safe and would not threaten business continuity (Doughty 2000). The fact is that whenever banks refuse to grant loan applications, the business activities at the organization would be slow down. No entrepreneur that is profit-oriented would want his/her business enter a phase of financial dryness: a critical condition when it would be seriously difficult to obtain the necessary funds to keep operating. Relying on the capital raised from personal assets would solve this unique problem. Task 4 (The Cost of Finance): The cost of finance for the sales of my asset is, in principle, the total expenses made in the course of selling them. Below is the exact cost of finance that came up during the selling processes: The cost of finance shown above is moderate compared with the cost I would have paid to obtain similar amount of loan from a bank or other financial institutions. Even though the

Thermodynamic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Thermodynamic - Essay Example Global standards create an introduction of products to a broad range of countries (Mattli et.al, 30). The creation of the international norms is initiated through responding to the need of the industry and the stakeholders such as consumer group. The standards are developed by the experts who are from different part of the globe who form the large panel of technical’s who meet to discuss and negotiate the standards. . After draft has been created, it is shared with ISO’s members who are asked for the comment and vote on it. When consensus has been arrived on the proposed becomes the international standard, if not it is returned to the technical committee for advanced editing (Henson, 70). In the designing of the products for global consumption there are some units that the producers should consider in their production, the units have much significant and their roles are: ensuring that readings from an instrument units are constant with other measurements; determining the accuracy of the instrument readings; establishing of the dependability of the instrument i.e. that it can be trusted (Henson,